Operational Technology environments are no longer air gapped. SCADA systems, PLC networks, historian platforms, and industrial gateways increasingly communicate over routed IP networks. In this context, OPC UA has become the de facto secure communication…
A few years ago, I followed a course on WinCC OA organised by Siemens in The Hague. At the time, the motivation was clear. I was working in complex automation environments where reliability, transparency, and…
A layered SCADA architecture in practice This diagram shows a three level industrial automation architecture consisting of a management level, a SCADA level, and a field level. I worked with this type of system for…
Discover why fractals are called fractals and how Benoît Mandelbrot revealed their hidden complexity. Explore how simple equations create infinite patterns and where fractal ideas are used today. From computer graphics to medicine, finance and…
The formula Pick some complex number c. Start with z = 0. Repeatedly do: Each time, you get a new value of z. You’re building a sequence: z₀, z₁, z₂, z₃, … Two possible fates…
This JavaScript file contains the complete logic for the interactive Mandelbrot Explorer. It initializes the canvas, calculates the Mandelbrot set for every pixel, draws the fractal and allows the user to zoom and navigate using…
This CSS controls the appearance of the web page and the information panel that appears on top of the Mandelbrot canvas. Browsers automatically add a small margin around the page (usually about 8 pixels). Without…
In the first part of this series, we introduced the Mandelbrot Explorer project and explained its overall goal. In this article, we take a closer look at the HTML structure that forms the foundation of…
An interactive Mandelbrot explorer built with HTML canvas and vanilla JavaScript. The project demonstrates how a simple mathematical formula can produce endlessly complex patterns while also exploring browser rendering, performance, zooming, iteration depth, and color…
The GEEKOM Air12 Lite is a compact, silent and energy efficient mini PC built around the Intel N100 processor. In this review, it is evaluated as an always on Ubuntu Server running RustDesk. Real benchmarks,…